Neutralitat humanitària i llenguatge en el Comitè Internacional de la Creu Roja

Maria Rosa Garrido Sardà

Resum


Aquest article examina l’articulació del principi humanitari de neutralitat i la llengua com a vehicle d’aquest posicionament polític en el Comitè Internacional de la Creu Roja (CICR). El CICR és un actor humanitari neutral reconegut per les Convencions de Ginebra i històricament vinculat a la neutralitat política i al multilingüisme suïssos. A través d’entrevistes, grups de discussió i documents institucionals, analitzem la negociació lingüística de la neutralitat per part dels delegats del CICR en trobades humanitàries. Basant-se en el procés semiòtic d’iconització (Gal i Irvine, 2000) amb un enfocament en la política de corporització (Bucholtz i Hall, 2016), l’anàlisi revela que les ideologies raciolingüístiques reforcen el domini de l’anglès (Footitt et al., 2020) i la figura imaginada de l’humanitari europeu, home i blanc (Fassin, 2012) que no parla llengües locals ni regionals com ara l’àrab. La neutralitat sorgeix com a concepte contextual i relacional basat en una negociació en termes de possessió d’un repertori lingüístic, corporització racialitzada i proximitat cultural. A l’Orient Mitjà i el nord d’Àfrica, això es tradueix en la percepció per part dels grups d’interès d’una menor neutralitat vinculada als “occidentals” i “àrabs” que parlen àrab, els quals desestabilitzen la figura humanitària imaginada i vinculada a la neutralitat.

Paraules clau


Comitè Internacional de la Creu Roja; Creu Roja; corporització; humanitarisme; neutralitat; raciolingüística; anglès; Convencions de Ginebra; Orient Mitjà; nord d’Àfrica

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.58992/rld.i80.2023.3999

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