Representació de la violència de gènere en els processos de recurs a Espanya: anàlisi de la pragmàtica de corpus

Eva M. Mestre-Mestre

Resum


La violència contra les dones és un problema truculent de la nostra societat. Només el 2021, a Espanya es van presentar aproximadament 170.000 denúncies per violència de gènere i aquesta xifra no ha deixat d’augmentar des del 2009, any en què es van recollir les primeres dades. Les denúncies per violència de gènere a Espanya són ateses i resoltes per tribunals exclusius, especialitzats o compatibles; en cas que siguin condemnats, els culpables poden presentar recursos a tribunals superiors. Atès el caràcter performatiu del llenguatge (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969), és de summa importància analitzar el llenguatge que jutges i advocats fan servir als tribunals per referir-se a la violència contra les dones, ja que aquest influeix sobre la percepció social general perquè facilita una interpretació de la violència de gènere. Les maneres en què el llenguatge i la violència estan interconnectats s’han estudiat durant molt temps des de diferents perspectives (Derrida, 2001; Fairclough, 1989; Foucault, 1980). Altres autors han explorat com el llenguatge pot infligir (i, per tant, provocar) violència en formes diverses (van Dijk, 1995; Silva, 2017a, 2017b). En aquest article, examinem la representació de la violència de gènere en el llenguatge jurídic a Espanya. Examinem el llenguatge utilitzat per referir-se a la violència en els textos analitzats; la descripció que es fa a les resolucions judicials dels participants en actes de violència de gènere, i la consegüent representació social de la violència, les víctimes i els agressors. També examinem la representació de les dones des d’una perspectiva construccionista (Butler, 1992, 1997, 2004), fent servir la pragmàtica de corpus (Romero-Trillo, 2008) per analitzar elements lèxics i expressions de vint resolucions judicials en el context de la violència de gènere. Els resultats indiquen un cert biaix en la representació de la violència, els agressors i les víctimes a les resolucions judicials.

Paraules clau


violència de gènere; llenguatge jurídic; Espanya; representació de les dones; pragmàtica

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.58992/rld.i79.2023.3927

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